Explorers, Discoverers, Inventors
Explorers:
Venetian who explored AsiaMarco Polo
Norse explorer who first reached GreenlandEric the Red
Norse explorer of northeast North America, Eric the Red’s sonLeif Erickson
Flemish cartographerMercator
Portuguese navigation instructorHenry the Navigator
First to go around the Cape of Good HopeBartolomeu Dias
Discoverer of the New WorldChristopher Columbus
Italian map maker, coined the term “New World”Amerigo Vespucci
Portuguese explorer and first to reach IndiaVasco da Gama
First to see the Pacific OceanVasco Nuñez de Balboa
Aztec conquerorHernando Cortez
Incan Conqueror and explorer of PeruFrancisco Pizarro
Explorer of American southwest; searched for 7 cities of CibolaFrancisco de Coronado
First to set foot on U.S. mainland (Florida)Ponce de Leon
Italian explorer who discovered NewfoundlandJohn Cabot
John Cabot’s son who explored the Rio de la PlataSebastian Cabot
Frenchman who founded MontrealJacques Cartier
Portuguese discoverer of BrazilPedro Cabral
Portuguese discoverer of CaliforniaJuan Cabrillo
Frenchman who explored the southern Mississippi RiverSieur de la Salle
Frenchmen who explored the length of Mississippi RiverMarquette & Joliet
First to sail into New York HarborGiovanni da Verrazano
Spaniard who discovered the Mississippi RiverHernando de Soto
The Father of New France, founded QuebecSamuel de Champlain
German naturalist who explored the OrinocoFriedrich Humboldt
Explorer of the Gambia and Niger riversMungo Park
His ship was the first to sail around the worldFerdinand Magellan
First Englishman to sail around the worldSir Francis Drake
Dutchman who explored the PacificAbel Tasman
Norwegian who first navigated Northwest PassageRoald Amundsen
Englishman who discovered Australia and HawaiiJames Cook
First Englishman to reach AustraliaWilliam Dampier
Danish discoverer of Alaska and namesake straitVitus Bering
Explorer of northwest Canada Alexander Mackenzie
Discovered the Great Salt Lake Jim Bridger
Englishman who discovered world’s 5th largest islandWilliam Baffin
Englishman who discovered source of the Nile (disputed)John Speke
Speke’s colleague, who spoke 29 languages Sir Richard Burton
First to reach North Pole, 1909Robert Peary & Matthew Henson
First to reach South Pole, 1911Roald Amundsen
Competitor of Amundsen, died after reaching South PoleRobert Scott
First to fly over North PoleRichard Byrd & Floyd Bennett
First to fly over South PoleRichard Byrd
British explorer of AntarcticJames Ross
Scottish medical missionary to AfricaDavid Livingstone
Man who found LivingstoneHenry Stanley
Machu Picchu discovererHiram Bingham
Explored northern Louisiana Purchase territoryLewis and Clark
Explored southern Louisiana Purchase territoryZebulon Pike
Discoverers:
Oral polio vaccineAlbert Sabin
Polio vaccineJonas Salk
Photo-electric effectAlbert Einstein
HydrostaticsArchimedes
FermentationLouis Pasteur
DNAFrancis Crick & James Watson
NeptuneJohann Galle
UranusSir William Herschel
PlutoClyde Tombaugh
Moons of JupiterGalileo
Expanding UniverseEdwin Hubble
Theory of relativityAlbert Einstein
X-ray imagingWilhelm Roentgen
RadiumMarie and Pierre Curie
PenicillinAlexander Fleming
CellsRobert Hooke
BacteriaAnton van Leeuwenhoek
OxygenJoseph Priestly
Speech center of the brainPaul Broca
Cause of tuberculosis and choleraRobert Koch
AntibodiesLouis Pasteur
Cure of syphilisPaul Ehrlich
Cure for smallpoxEdward Jenner
Cause of yellow feverWalter Reed
Laws of geneticsGregor Mendel
InsulinBanting and Best
Electromagnetic or radio wavesHeinrich Hertz
Electrical resistance lawsGeorge Ohm
Rabies vaccineLouis Pasteur
Nucleus of the atomErnest Rutherford
Structure of the atomNeils Bohr
Inventors:
AC generatorNicola Tesla
Adding machineBlaise Pascal
Air brakesGeorge Westinghouse
Air conditionerWillis Carrier
AirplaneWright brothers
AlternatorChrysler Corporation
Aqua-lungJacques Cousteau
Artificial heartRobert Jarvik
BarometerEvangelista Torricelli
Bifocal lensBen Franklin
Blind reading systemLouis Braille
CalculusSir Isaac Newton
Contact lensesAdolf Frick
Compression-ignition engineRudolf Diesel
Computer conceiverCharles Babbage
Cotton ginEli Whitney
CyclotronErnest O. Lawrence
Cylinder locksLinus Yale
Dirigible airshipFerdinand von Zeppelin
DynamiteAlfred Nobel
DynamoMichael Faraday
Earthquake intensity deviceCharles Richter
Electric toasterGeneral Electric labs
Electric lampThomas Edison
Electric razorJacob Schick
Electric motorMichael Faraday
ElevatorElisha Otis
Eye ChartHerman Snellen
Fountain penLewis Waterman
Food freezingClarence Birdseye
Gas burnerRobert Bunsen
GeometryEuclid
Grape juiceThomas Welch
GyroscopeLeon Foucault
HamburgerJ. H. Salisbury
Helicopter (single rotor)Igor Sikorsky
Hot air balloonMontgolfier brothers
Hybrid popcornOrville Redenbacher
Ink blot testHerman Rorschach
Instant (Polaroid) camera Edwin Land
IQ testAlfred Binet
Kodak camera (hand-held)George Eastman
Lightning rodBen Franklin
Liquid-fueled rocketRobert Goddard
LoomJoseph Marie Jacquard
Machine gunRichard Gatling
Magnifying glassRoger Bacon
Mechanical grain reaperCyrus McCormick
Microscope (compound)Zacharias Janssen
Microscope (electron)Vladimir Zworykin
MimeographA. B. Dick
Motion picture machineThomas Edison
Motion picture camera Lumiere brothers
Movable typeJohann Gutenberg
Neon lightsGeorge Claude
Outboard engineOle Evinrude
Pacemaker (cardiac)Wilson Greatbatch
PaperCai Lun
PhonographThomas Edison
Photographic filmGeorge Eastman
Railroad sleeping carGeorge Pullman
Refrigerator carGustavis Swift
RevolverSamuel Colt
Rotary engineFelix Wankel
Safety razorKing Gillette
ScissorsLeonardo da Vinci
ScrewArchimedes
Sewing machineElias Howe
Spark plugAlbert Champion
Steam engineJames Watt
Steel making processSir Henry Bessemer
Storage batteryAlessandro Volta
Submachine gunJohn Thompson
TelegraphSamuel Morse
TelephoneAlexander Graham Bell
TelescopeHans Lippershey
Telescope (astronomical)Galileo
Telescope (reflecting)Sir Isaac Newton
Television iconoscopeVladimir Zworykin
Thermometer (open column)Galileo
Thermometer (mercury)Gabriel Fahrenheit
TransistorBell Telephone labs
Vulcanized rubberCharles Goodyear
WirelessGuglielmo Marconi
ZipperWhitcomb Judson
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